霍普金斯 美国芝加哥大学
Hopkins, Dwight, University of Chicago
原文Original
21st Century China: An American Perspective
If the nineteenth century was the one hundred years of British rule, and the twentieth century belonged to two world blocks (i.e., the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), then the twenty-first century might be the period where the presence of China might leave its mark on the global community of nations. However, the potential of China’s twenty-first century leadership differs quite dramatically from England when “the sun never sat on the British empire’. At that time Britain dominated the world militarily as the sole superpower. Likewise, China’s potential world example can differ from the prior Cold War threats between the USA and the USSR.
Rather, this presentation will argue that China has the capability to be a leader in the twenty-first century family of nations through positive examples. And, most importantly, China does not have to resort to military might like previous countries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In other words, China can use the positive dimensions of its traditions to help forge more positive relations among nations on earth.
Specifically, this capability of modeling positive world leadership, I argue, arises from, at least, four profound Chinese traditions: (1) the importance of the family; (2) a stress on harmony; (3) creatively absorbing differences; and (4) an efficiency in work style. These traditions are deeply rooted in Chinese thinking about Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.
In a word, twenty-first century China can potentially bring together diverse nations without an antagonistic and oppositional position. Instead, China’s four traditions suggest the promotion of stable families in all countries; the search for balance with nature, culture, and society; the embracing of those who differ; and the model for other nations to get work done efficiently.
译文Translation
21世纪的中国：一种美国观点
如果说19世纪是英国人统治的一百年，20世纪属于两个世界超级大国（美利坚合众国与苏维埃社会主义共和国），那么21世纪也许是中国在全球民族共同体中留下深远影响的时代。然而，中国21世纪的领导潜力与当年号称“日不落帝国”的英国有着很大差别。那时，英国作为唯一的超级大国在军事上统治着世界。同样地，中国在世界的潜在榜样也会不同于以前美国与苏联之间的冷战威胁。
本文认为通过树立一种积极的榜样，中国有能力在21世纪的世界各民族大家庭中成为领导者。更为重要的是，中国不需要效仿那些19、20世纪国家去诉诸于军事力量。换句话说，中国能够利用自身传统的积极因素帮助世界各国建造更加良好的关系。
具体说，中国之所以有能力在世界上树立一个正面的领导形象，至少与其深厚传统中的四种构成因素相关：（1）重视家庭；（2）强调和谐；（3）创造性地吸收差异；（4）高效的工作方法。这些传统深深植根于中国的道教、儒教与佛教思想中。
简言之，21世纪的中国应该有能力以不敌对、不对立的姿态将不同的国家和民族联合在一起。因为，本文提到的中国传统中的四种构成因素已经提供了保证：倡导在所有国家内建立稳定的家庭关系；寻找自然、文化与社会的平衡发展；包容差异者；并为其他国家树立了高效率工作的榜样。