李西建 陕西师范大学
Li, Xijian, Shanxi Normal University
原文Original
汉学研究与长安文化
长安文化是指汉、唐以业来发生于长安及其相关区域的历朝历代各种文化的总称。就其名称言，于汉、唐时期称为长安的地域，周代称为丰镐，秦代是其都城咸阳的一部分，王莽时称为常安，隋代称为大兴，五代至宋元间又有大安、永兴、京兆、安西、奉元等叫法，明清以来称为西安（其中民国早年曾改称长安）。总之，其名称从无到有，虽然几经变化，但它所指的长安这一地域及其由此衍生的文化却是亘古不变的。
就文化构成言，由于“长安”这地地方曾是汉民族历史上包括周、秦、汉唐四大王朝在内的13个王朝的都城所在地，在相当的历史时期内是全国的文化中心及世界文化交流与传播的中心。这一特殊地位就决定了其文化构成的本源性、全息性与重要性。可以说，历史上以“长安”为标记的文化，某种程度上是中国文化的代表。
长安文化（或“长安学”）的研究其实古己有之，千百年来从未中断。像围绕“人文初祖”轩辕黄帝开展的中华文化民生学的研究，像围绕《诗经》开展的中国文学发生学的研究，像围绕周代礼教和秦代改革逐步建立起来的中国政治学研究，像围绕汉、唐研究发展起来的汉学和唐学，像以“留得正气凌霄汉，著成信史照尘寰”的司马迁《史记》开其先河的秦地史学、中国史学，像北宋大哲学家张载的唯物主义哲学“关学”，以及近年来兴起的“秦俑学”、“法门寺学”研究，等等。这些研究，无论在学界是否得到认可，但无疑是做了大量工作，推动了中华文化研究的深入。
和其它地域相比，长安社会经济和文化的一个重要特点，是它对整个民族文化的全息性与辐射力。它是中华民族文化重要的源头，在相当长的长期内，是中华民族文化的标志和主体。因而，在一定程度上说，长安文化或长安学，不但是“中国学”的一个有机组成部分，而且是“中国学”的一个重要窗口。以长安文化研究为重心，我们期待中国学（汉学）的研究，能更多的关注汉民族精神图谱的演化、民族智慧的传承及民族共有精神家园的建设与守护等价值域之核心的问题，以真正彰显中华文化实力的作用。
译文Translation
The Study of Sinology and Chang’an Culture
Chang’an Culture as a whole refers to the cultures in Chang’an and relevant areas after the Han and Tang Dynasty. This area used to have various names in different dynasties, such as “Chang’an” in the Han and Tang Dynasty, and “Feng-gao” in the Zhou Dynasty. This area was part of the Capital “Xian-yang” in the Qin Dynasty, and was called “Da-xing” in the Sui Dynasty. And from the Five Dynasties (906) to the Song Dynasty it had several other different names such as Da-an, Yong-xing, Jing-zhao, An-xi, and Feng-yuan. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasty, it has been called Xi’an (in the early Republic of China, it once was named Chang’an). However, no matter how the name was changed at various times, Chang’an is the standard name used for this area and the culture which emerged from it.
The formation of the culture in this area is unique. The Chang’an area had served as the capital for thirteen dynasties, including Zhou, Qin, and Han and Tang - the four biggest dynasties. For a long time, this area was the cultural center of the whole country as well as the center of world cultural exchange and transmission. This special historical and cultural position has given its culture a unique source, holoscopicity (or holographability) and significance. It is certain that the culture historically marked as “Chang’an Culture” can be regarded as the representative of all Chinese culture, at least to a certain extent.
There have been studies of Chang’an Culture ever since ancient times. We can name some important ones: the study of Chinese cultural domestic science of Xuan Yuan Huang Di, the ancestor of Chinese Han peoples; the study of the emergence of Chinese literature, centered around Shijing (Book of Songs); the study of Chinese politics, centered on “Li Jiao” in the Zhou Dynasty and the reform in the Qin Dynasty; the study of the Han and Tang Dynasties; studies of Chinese history initiated by Sima Qian’s Records of the History; the study of the philosopher Zhang Zhai’s materialist philosophical work Guanxue in the North Song dynasty; recent studies of the Terracotta Warriors and the Famen Temple, etc. These studies, no matter how they have been received in the academy, have involved a great amount of work and have promoted deeper research and studies of Chinese culture.
Compared with other regions or areas, Chang’an economy and culture has one special feature: its holoscopicity and radiation out to the Chinese culture as a whole. It is one of the most important foundations of Chinese culture, and it was both the symbol and subject of Chinese culture for a long time. Therefore, to a certain extent, Chang’an culture not only is the organic heart of Sinology or Chinese Studies, but it also forms an important window for Chinese studies. Centered around Chang’an culture, we hope to pay more attention to the evolution of the spirit of Han peoples and the legacy of Han wisdom, as well as other core values and virtues that would benefit us in the building up of a common spiritual community.