罗曼诺夫 俄罗斯科学院
Lomanov, Alexander, Russian Academy of Science
原文Original
The Encyclopedia of Chinese Spiritual Culture as the Mirror to Russian Sinology
In 2009 Russian sinologists completed work on the Encyclopedia of Chinese Spiritual Culture in five volumes. It is a pioneering project in contemporary Western sinology. The Encyclopedia presents in concentrated form the achievements of Russian sinology over several centuries.
First attempts of generalizing study of Chinese culture were undertaken in the beginning of 19th XIX century by the members of the Russian Orthodox mission in Peking. Academic traditions of pre-revolutionary school of Russian sinology were also inherited in the Soviet period. An outstanding expert in Chinese literature V. M. Alekseev (1881-1951) proposed to start working on sinological encyclopedias in 1944.
Work on the encyclopedic dictionary of Chinese philosophy begun in the second half of the 1980s at the Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Academy of Science under the guidance of well-known sinologist and historian of Chinese philosophy M. L. Titarenko.
Russian encyclopedic dictionary of Chinese philosophy (published in 1994) was the first reference work of this kind in Western sinology. The book embraced over 1500 articles devoted to the terminology of Chinese philosophy and culture, philosophical texts and schools, Chinese thinkers, Chinese, Russian and Western researchers of the Chinese spiritual tradition.
By the mid-1990s accumulated experience of preparatory work on the dictionary has enabled scholars of the Institute of Far Eastern studies to launch a new challenging project of multi-volume multidisciplinary Encyclopedia of Chinese Spiritual Culture. Academic M. L. Titarenko as an editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia played an indispensable role in the advancement of the project. The Well-known researcher of Chinese philosophy and culture A. I. Kobzev (Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Science) contributed significantly to the scholarly editing of the Encyclopedia. Professor Kobzev characterized the encyclopedia as summa sinologiae created upon the basis of being a historically and logically complete description of spiritual culture of China, a kernel of the Chinese civilization.
The Russian Encyclopedia of Chinese Spiritual Culture attempts to present a generalized description of the uniqueness, internal integrity and rich variety of Chinese civilization from ancient times to today. It is an academic and an educational edition that is capable of satisfying growing interest in Chinese culture among a broader audience. The book presents Chinese culture not as an outdated “museum antiquity” but as a dynamically developing reality.
The Russian Academy of Science “Oriental Literature” publishing firm had already published volume 1 “Philosophy” (2006), volume 2 “Mythology. Religion” (2007), volume 3 “Literature. Language and writing” (2008) and volume 4 “Historical thought. Political and legal culture” (2009). In autumn 2009 volume 5 “Science and technical thought” was already in print. Publication of the additional volume 6 on Chinese art (under the initial plan it was a part of the Vol. 3 “Literature. Language and writing”) is scheduled for publication in 2010.
A. I. Kobzev remarked that one of overall objectives of the project was to “present the Chinese spiritual culture and how it looks through a prism of Russian sinology”. In this aspect the Encyclopedia could be of interest for the Chinese researchers of foreign sinology.
译文Translation
《中国精神文化百科全书》——俄国汉学的一面镜子
2009年，俄国汉学家们完成了五卷本的《中国精神文化百科全书》。这是当代西方汉学的先锋之作，它集中展示了几个世纪以来俄国汉学所取得的成就。
最早试图对中国文化进行广泛研究的是19世纪俄国东正教驻北京传教士团成员。十月革命前的俄国汉学学术传统在苏联时期亦得到了传承。杰出的中国文学专家阿列克谢耶夫（V.M. Alekseev，1881-1951）在1944年提议着手编订汉学百科全书。
1980年代后半叶，俄罗斯科学院远东研究所在著名汉学家、中国哲学史家基达连克（M.L. Titarenko）领导下开展了编纂《中国哲学百科辞典》的工作。
俄国版《中国哲学百科辞典》（于1994年出版）是西方汉学界出版的第一本此类参考书。该书收录词条逾1500条，内容涉及中国哲学和文化术语、哲学文本、哲学流派、中国思想家，以及研究中国精神传统的中西俄三方学者。
1990年代中期，编纂《辞典》所积累下来的经验让远东研究所的学者们有条件开展下一项富有挑战性的计划，即编纂多卷本的跨学科巨著——《中国精神文化百科全书》。基达连克（M. L. Titarenko）院士作为《百科全书》的总编，在该计划的实施进展中发挥了不可替代的作用。而著名的中国哲学和文化专家科布泽夫（A. I. Kobzev，俄罗斯科学院东方研究所）对《百科全书》的学术编辑工作做出了重要的贡献。由于该书从逻辑和历史两个方面，全面描述了作为中华文明核心的中国精神文化，科布泽夫（Kobzev）教授将其定性为一部“汉学大全”。
这部俄国版《中国精神文化百科全书》试图综合描述从古至今的中国文明，展现其独特性、内在完整性及丰富多样性。它兼学术性与教育性于一体，能够满足更多读者对中国文化日益增长的兴趣。该书并不是将中国文化展现为一种过时的“博物院古董”，而是呈现了中国文化动态发展的现实状况。
俄罗斯科学院下属的“东方文学”出版公司已出版了第一卷《哲学》（2006年）、第二卷《神话·宗教》（2007年）、第三卷《文学·语言·写作》（2008年）以及第四卷《历史思想·政治·法律文化》（2009年）。2009年秋，第五卷《科学和技术思想》已在刊印之中。讨论中国艺术的第六卷（按原计划属于第三卷）计划将于2010年出版。
科布泽夫提到，该计划总体目标之一是要“呈现经俄罗斯汉学折射后的中国精神文化”。仅此一点，研究海外汉学的中国学者必将对《中国精神文化百科全书》充满兴趣。