金惠俊 韩国釜山大学
Kim, Hyejoon, Pusan National University
原文Original
中国现当代文学作品翻译和研究在韩国
为了考察中国现当代文学作品在韩国的翻译与研究情况，我编辑使用三个目录：《韩文版中国现当代文学作品与理论著作目录》，《韩国的中国现当代文学硕士博士学位论文目录》和《韩国大学开设的中国相关专业目录》。
目前在韩国，除去正在调查中的武侠小说（现已查好105部）以外，中国现当代文学共有962部作品被译成韩文并出版。从翻译出版的年代看，1920年代到1970年代占11.4%，1980年代占17.9%，1990年代占34.7%，2000年代占36.0%。大部分作品都是在过去的30年中译成的，特别是韩中建交以后更加活跃。从体裁看，小说共有647部，占全体数量的67%，处于绝对优势。散文有192部，占20%，数量不算多。诗和剧本分别是59部和24部，占6.1%和4.2%，与小说和散文相比显得大为不足。此外，鲁迅和林语堂的文集类作品分别有1种和6种，共40部。从作家看，鲁迅有105部（包括与其它作家的合集17部），林语堂有101部（包括与其它作家的合集3部），琼瑶有73部，数量最多。这三位作家的作品几乎占到全部翻译作品数量的30%。进入2000年代以后，鲁迅的作品虽然作为重要出版对象，但是林语堂和琼瑶的作品几乎没有被出版，取而代之的是较之过去更加多样的作家作品被翻译出版的现象。其中，莫言（9部），苏童（7部），余华（6部），余秋雨（6部）的作品较为受关注。
从1920年代以来直到1970年代初，韩国的大学所开设的中国相关专业仅有3个。此后，情况发生了变化，到1970年代末发展到21个，1980年代末有63个，1990年代末达到149个，现在约为180个。这也意味着1970年代以后升入大学的学生到了1980年代后开始陆续取得硕博士学位幷展开其硏究活动。再说，直到1980年代以前为止的数十年间里，中国现当代文学相关博士论文全无，硕士论文仅有9篇。但是，进入1980年代，有博士论文3篇/硕士论文78篇，1990年代有博士论文59篇/硕士论文176篇，2000年代有博士论文45篇/硕士论文196篇。现在合计共有博士论文107篇/硕士论文459篇。理论作品（包括评论）的翻译和著述情况基本上与学位论文情况类似，到1970年代末不过只有6部被翻译出版的理论作品，现在达到了171部。另外，韩中建交以前文学史类等基础性书籍占多数，与此相比，韩中建交以后特定主题的专门性书籍逐渐增加。
至于上述情况的原因、意义和评价，我将在本文进行详细讨论。
译文Translation
Korean Translations and Studies of Chinese Contemporary Literature
I have made and used three catalogues in order to understand the state of translations and studies of Chinese contemporary literature in Korea: “A Catalogue of Korean Translations and Studies of Chinese Contemporary Literature”, “A Catalogue of Ph. D. Dissertations and M.A. Theses in Modern Chinese Literature in Korea”, and “A Catalogue of Departments of Sinology (Chinese Language, Literature & etc.) in Korea”.
There are 962 books of Chinese contemporary literature translated and published in Korea, which does not include 105 Chinese novels that are under research at the moment. 11.4% of these books were translated and published between 1920s and 1970s, 17.9% in 1980s, 34.7% in 1990s, and 36.0% in 2000s. Most of them have been published in last 30 years, and the number increased after Korea and China established diplomatic relations. 657 of these are novels and short stories which take up 67% of the whole literature, while there are 192 essays (20%) which isn't a great number compared to the former. Poems and dramas are considerably less with 59 books (6.1%) and 24 books (4.2%) respectively. And there are 6 collected editions of Lin Yutang (林语堂) and 1 of Lu Xun (鲁迅). If seen according to authors, there are 105 books(including 17 collaborated works with other authors) by Lu Xun, 101 books(including 3 collaborated works with other authors) by Lin Yutang, and 73 books by Qiong Yao (琼瑶). The works of these three authors make up almost 30% of the all translated Chinese contemporary literature. In 2000s, works by Lu Xun continued to be translated with priority, but those of Lin Yutang and Qiong Yao were less popular. Instead, there has been relative diversity in authors compared to the past, with Mo Yan (莫言, 9 books), Su Tong (苏童, 7 books), Yu Hua (余华, 6 books) and Yu Qiuyu (余秋雨, 6 books) gaining particular attention.
There were only three departments which studied and researched on China and its related fields in Korean universities between 1920s and 1970s. There has been the change of circumstances after 1970s, and there were 21 departments toward the end of 1970s. There were 63 departments in the late 1980s, which grew into 149 departments in late 1990s and now there are approximately 180 departments. It also indicates that actually some serious researchers of this field did not appear until 1980s, for people who have started studying China in 1970s got their master's degree during that time period. There were no doctoral theses and only 9 master's theses on Chinese contemporary literature in the period up to end of 1970s. However in 1980s there were 3 doctoral theses and 79 master's theses, and the number grew into 59 doctoral theses and 176 master's theses in 1990s. In 2000s, there were 45 doctoral theses and 196 master's theses, and now in total, there are 107 doctoral theses and 459 master's theses available. The situation of translations and writings on theoretical work (including critical essays) are similar to that of master's and doctoral theses. There were only 6 theoretical works in the end of 1970s, while 171 are published at the moment. Before Korea-China diplomatic agreement, most of the work dealt with basic matter such as the history of Chinese contemporary literature, but after the agreement, the number of more professional books on specific subjects has increased.
The reason, assessment and significance of this situation will be discussed more closely in the paper.