曹顺庆 四川大学
Cao, Shunqing, Sichuan University
原文Original
比较文学变异学
在比较文学学科理论研究上，法国学派的影响研究注重实证性的影响关系，是单纯的“国际间的比较文学关系史”，但影响研究并不仅仅是实证性研究所能够完全包揽的，文学关系并不单纯，不同国家的文学交往关系中，往往会产生变异，这种变异是由不同的语言、文化或文明、不同时代、不同社会、不同的接受者等等因素所决定的。法国学派不但回避谈论审美判断与平行比较的问题，也没有认识到在影响研究中存在着的非实证性的变异。比较文学变异学的理论核心是把“异质性”作为比较文学可比性基础。从异质性与变异性入手来重新考察和界定比较文学的研究领域，通过关注文明的差异性，深入挖掘不同文明之间互相渗透、互为补充的价值，通过比较文学这座桥梁来实现整个世界文化的沟通与融合，并进而构建一个“和而不同”的和谐世界。这一核心理论不仅解决了比较文学学科理论发展的基础问题，而且从正面回应了“文明冲突”的现实问题。比较文学变异学的研究范围包括：跨国际变异学研究、跨语际变异学研究、文学文本变异学研究、文化变异学研究和跨文明研究，比较文学变异学研究范畴的提出是比较文学学科理论的重大突破，对于明确比较文学学科领域，以及解决比较文学学科危机具有重大的意义。
译文Translation
Variation in Comparative Literature
The variation study is both a theoretical breakthrough in comparative literature and a positive look at the conflict between civilizations.
The variation study is theoretically innovative in that it comes up with what is missing in the influential study of the French School. It takes what the French School has avoided as its subject: aesthetic judgment and parallel comparison. It also deals with what has escaped the attention of the empirically-oriented French School, that is, the non-empirical variation. It shows cross-national literary exchanges as something more complicated than a history of the relations of cross-national comparative literature as generalized by the French School; it presents these literary exchanges in connection with linguistic, cultural, historical, social and personal variations. Thus, the variation study, taking heterogeneity as the basis of comparative literature, ranges from the variation study of the cross-national, cross-linguistics and cross-civilizations to that of literary text and culture, redefining the insufficiently defined comparative literature.
What is more, the variation study brings comparative literature to a field where the values of the inter-action of different civilizations are explored and where different cultures communicate and converge in a way that leads to a diversified but harmonious world.