刘 正 中国人民大学
Liu, Zheng, Renmin University of China
原文Original
汉学视野下的中国历史研究——以狩野直喜为中心的考察
狩野直喜博士是日本汉学家，日本汉学清朝考证学派的继承人。他是日本京都大学教授和文科大学学长，一直负责支那哲学史、支那语学和支那文学等讲座的课程教学。他是日本中国学中的实证主义的先驱者和奠基者之一，是“京都支那学”的三大创始人之一，奠定了今天京都大学人文科学研究所藏书的基础。他写下了许多汉学研究名作，还留下了大量汉文古体诗。
狩野直喜博士的研究范围主要集中在明清小说和戏曲的研究、敦煌文学研究、支那学术史三个方面。本研究只集中在和“史”相关的问题，将以对他的史学研究的范围为主。一般学者更多的把狩野直喜博士看成是一位中国古代文学的专家。实际上，他更是一位学术史家。狩野直喜博士坚持经学为中国哲学史的核心这样一种信念，从他发表的著作来看，他比较系统地研究了清朝学术史、清朝经学史、清朝文学史、两汉学术史、魏晋学术史。在对史料的使用上面，狩野直喜博士坚持对古代文献和新发现的敦煌文献双重并用原则，尤其是后者，构成了东洋史学京都学派在中国古代史研究上的新的史学研究模式。
狩野直喜博士在中国文学史和中国思想史的研究上做出了举世瞩目的贡献。
译文Translation
The Study of Chinese History from a Sinologist’s Perspective: A Review of Dr. Kanō Naoki’s Academic Career and Contribution
Dr. Kanō Naoki (狩野直喜) was a Japanese sinologist who best represented the academic tradition of the Qian-Jia School of Textology in Japan’s sinology. He was dean of the College of Liberal Arts and professor of Chinese philosophy, Chinese language and literature at the Kyoto Imperial University. He pioneered empirical research in sinology in Japan and was one of the three scholars who initiated the study of sinology at the Kyoto University, helping to set up the library that houses the Chinese classical books and books on the study of China at the Institute for Research in Humanities of Kyoto University. He wrote many valuable books and many classical Chinese poems, too.
His major academic interests were the study of the novels and dramas of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the study of literary works rediscovered from the Dunhuang Mogao Caves, and the study of the academic history of China. The present study, therefore, focuses on the contributions he made in the research areas that were related to the Chinese history. Many scholars have taken Dr. Kanō Naoki to be an expert on Classical Chinese literature. In fact, he was more of an expert on the academic history. He insisted that the study of Chinese Classics assumed a central place in China’s academic history. From the many important books he had written, we can discern a systematic research on the academic history of the Qing Dynasty, on the history of the study of Chinese Classics and classical Chinese literature in the same period, on the academic history of the Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
He also made methodological innovations in his study by combining ancient materials and those rediscovered from the Dunhuang Mogao Caves – especially the latter, thus pioneering the methodological tradition in studying ancient Chinese history at Kyoto University in Japan. His contributions to the study of classical Chinese literature and Chinese thought are widely recognized.