河野贵美子 日本早稻田大学
Kono, Kimiko, Waseda University
原文Original
“孝”的展开与古代日本
古代日本引进了中国的各种思想与文化，在建设国家的基本体制方面发挥了巨大的作用。遣隋使、遣唐使在这个方面发挥了巨大的作用，最具有代表性。本文将集中调查“孝”的思想以及有关“孝”的书籍在古代日本流传的情况，特别要研究奈良、平安时代初期（8-9世纪）的接受情况。
“孝”是古代中国社会的根本道德之一。看当时的日本律令就知道，“孝”在古代日本作为道德和伦理观念极受重视，与国家制度产生了密切的关系。“孝”的概念和有关“孝”的论述在中国的历史发展过程中也呈现了非常复杂的现象。如果要了解“孝”在日本接受的现象，应该详细地分析中日两国的情况。比如，“丁兰木母”是中国孝子传说的代表性故事。东汉以后，孝子丁兰的故事载于各种书籍，也不断地出现在《日本灵异记》和空海的《三教指归》等奈良时代以后的很多著作里。
那么，古代日本人对丁兰故事的哪些部分感兴趣，把它使用于什么样的语境中呢？本文以丁兰故事为例，研究中国“孝”的思想和“孝”的论述，同时探讨其对古代日本的影响，考察汉文化的流传和影响的状况。
译文Translation
The Display of ‘Filial Piety’ (Xiao) and Ancient Japan
Classical Japan introduced many different cultural and spiritual elements from China which exerted a huge influence on the establishment of the basic system and structure of the country. The messengers sent to the Sui and Tang courts had a huge influence in this respect and were very representative for this transfer of culture. This paper explores the concept of “filial piety” (xiao) and the books concerning this topic which were preserved in Japan, especially the situation during the Nara and Heian periods (8th and 9th centuries).
“Filial piety” (xiao) is a part of the basic morality of classical China. If we look at the legal codes of Japan at that period we know that “filial piety” was emphasized as a moral and ethical concept in Japan, and it developed very close links to the national system of Japan. The concept of “filial piety” and theories concerning this idea did also undergo a very complicated process in the history of China. In order to understand the reception of “xiao” in Japan one should first make a detailed analysis of the situation of China and Japan, for example, the story of “Ding Lan Mu Mu” is a representative story from the traditional narratives about filial piety. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, many books contained this story. It also appeared in Japanese books since the Nara period in the Riben Lingyi Ji and the Sanjiao Zhigui of Kong Hai, etc.
Then we may ask, what parts of the story of Ding Lan aroused the interest of the people of ancient Japan, and in which context did they apply this narrative? This paper uses the example of the story of Ding Lan to explore the description of “filial piety” in China and at the same time makes an inquiry into the influence of this story in classical Japan, it is a piece of research on the spread and influence of Han-Chinese culture in antiquity.