张立文 中国人民大学
Zhang, Liwen, Renmin University of China
原文Original
以他平他谓之和——汉学与跨文化交流论
凡汉学与跨文化交流对话，便预设了他与他者的关系。中华古代哲人“以他平他谓之和”（《国语·郑语》），可作为当今跨文化对话的原理。
一、汉学与跨文化交流对话的原则。
1、“以他平他”，汉学与其交流对话的对象之间构成他与他者关系，他们之间是平等、公平、平正、平权、平和、平易的。若如此，他与他者之间应在政治、经济、文化、权利、义务等方面的待遇、地位、话语权是相等的，应是互相同情的理解，真情的尊重。
2、“以他平他”，平正而不歪斜。他与他之间应尽量消除心存“前见”，“前识”，或善恶的“成见”，或先在的“破见”。以平实的真相相交流，以平凡的性情相对话。
二、汉学与跨文化交流对话的宗旨。通达“以他平他谓之和”的“和”的价值目标。在他与他者文化交流中，追求新事物、新理论、新思想在融突和合中化生，以至生生不息。而不是他与他者之间一方消灭一方，战斗不止。
三、汉学与跨文化交流对话的规范。如何达到“以他平他谓之和”的“和”的价值目标需要具备以下规范：
1、“己所不欲，勿施于人”。自己所不能接受的，不要给他者。尊重他者，就是尊重自己；爱护他者，就是爱护自己。尊重、爱护他者，你才能获得他者的尊重和爱护，这就是“和爱”规则，和爱才能使跨文化交流对话结出新果实。
2、“和而不同”。跨文化就意蕴着不同、异质文化所构成的他与他者文化交流关系。由于不同、异质文化所培育的社会政治、经济、制度、心理、风俗、信仰等生态环境的差分，其文化的性质、内涵、精神、风格亦异趣，而有冲突对待，通过交流、对话而谅解、了解，可逐渐缩小对待，减轻冲突，以取得“和而不同”的“和处”，这是“和处”规则所要求的。
3、“和实生物”。跨文化交流对话的宗旨是取得他与他者的文化在对话交流中，共同智能创造，得到共同发展，使人类文化获得新生命、新成果，这就是“和生”规则。
译文Translation
To Balance One with the Other Is Harmony: A Theory of Sinology and Inter-Cultural Dialogue
All sinology and all inter-cultural dialogue presuppose a relationship between one and the other. The principle of “balancing one with the other is called harmony” (Guoyu, Zhengyu) may become the principle of inter-cultural dialogue today.
1. The Principle of Sinology and Inter-Cultural Dialogue.
First, “balancing one with the other” may describe the relationship of sinology with its inter-cultural dialogue partner that is constructed as a relationship of the one with the other in equality, fairness, justice, and equality of rights, peach, and easiness (gongping, pingzheng, pingquan, pinghe, pingyi). In this way, the expectations, positions and expressive powers of the one and the other should be equal in the area of politics, economy, culture, rights, and duties; they should mutually have a sympathetic understanding and real respect for each other.
Secondly, “balancing one with the other”, should be “proper” (pingzheng) and not one-sided. The one and the other should try to eradicate their “pre-conceptions” and “pre-understanding”, their good or bad “biases” or a pre-meditated “destructive analysis” (“po jian”). They should communicate with a fair and honest attitude, and with an attitude of calmness.
2. The Main Orientation of Sinology and Inter-cultural dialogue. We should arrive at the value of the “he” (harmony) which is implied in the phrase “to balance one with the other is called harmony”. We should pursue new issues, new theories, new thinking in the inter-cultural dialogue of the one with the other in a conflict-solving attitude, until we arrive at the “continuous creativity” (sheng sheng bu xi), and it should not be so that one eliminates the other in a continuous warfare.
3. The Scope of the Inter-cultural Dialogue of Sinology. How can we arrive at the value of “harmony” (he) as the phrase “balancing one with the other is harmony” says? We need to consider the following rules:
First, “What you do not like do not inflict upon others”. What we do not like ourselves we should not do to others. To respect the other means also to respect oneself. To love and to protect the other means also to love and to protect oneself. Only if we respect and to love the other, the other will also respect and love us, this exactly is the rule of “harmonious love” (he ai), and only this “harmonious love” will bear new fruits in the inter-cultural dialogue.
Secondly, “To be in harmony and yet different”. The inter-culturality means that there is a relationship of cultural dialogue between one and the other who are from different, even essentially different cultures. Since the essentially different cultures have produced different environments in the areas of politics, economy, social system, psychology, customs, faith etc., the cultural features, contents, spirits and styles have different and conflicting interests, and through the dialogue there will be understanding, tolerance and gradual diminishing of the conflicts, so that we can arrive the “harmonious co-existence” (he zhu) of “being in harmony and yet different”. This is demanded by the principle of “harmonious co-existence”.
Third, “To live out Practical Creativity in Harmony” (he shi sheng wu). The main goal of inter-cultural dialogue is that the cultures of the one and the other can in their dialogue be spiritually creative and thus realize common development, which will bring new life and new fruits to the cultures of humankind, this exactly is the rule of “harmonious creativity” (he sheng).