陈宏喜 西安电子科技大学
Chen, Hongxi, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology
原文Original
美国加州大学最早的中文简介
傅兰雅（John Fryer，1839-1928）用中文编写的《美国加邦太书院图说》，由上海格致书室刊印于清光绪二十六年（公元1900年），这是美国加州大学（University of California）最早的一份中文简介。全文3000余字，附图14幅。
傅兰雅在中国生活了30多年，其中在上海江南制造局翻译馆工作28年，与中国学者合作翻译西文著作100多部，其中大多数为科技著作，为近代科技在中国的传播做出了重大贡献。但是他认为，在中国要形成完满的教育，要经过三个必要的步骤：他长期所做的将西方书籍翻译成中文只是第一步；第二步是大量中国人赴欧美留学；第三步是由学成回国的人才在国内兴办各种学校和大学。基于这样的认识，傅兰雅在1895年受聘为加州大学东方语言文学教授时，就有为促进中国人到美国大学留学作出努力的愿望。
傅兰雅关于中国人出国留学的思想，是与当时的社会历史背景相适应的。在中国，鸦片战争以后，逐渐出现了采用西方教育模式的新式学校。1868年《中美续增条约》签订后，更出现过官办的较大规模的幼童赴美留学活动；在美国，大学招收外国留学生已很普遍，在傅兰雅离开中国赴美国任教之前，斯坦福大学和加州大学的校长都同他谈起过招收中国留学生的话题。
“加邦太书院”是加州大学最早的中文译法。在这本小册子里，傅兰雅首先简要介绍了美国的教育制度，包括学堂（分上、中、下三等，即中小学）和太书院（即大学）的设立及经费来源情况。介绍美国大学的三、二、一等文凭，略同于中国之秀才、举人和进士。
小册子关于加州大学的具体介绍主要包括以下内容：
1、加州大学的地理位置、当地气候、从中国前往所需的时间以及邻近的旧金山市的有关情况。
2、加州大学在美国和欧洲的知名度。
3、加州大学师生的人数、性别比例。
4、加州大学留学生的情况。
5、大学之下设立的17个学院的名称。
6、董事会管理体制。
7、假期的设置。
8、学生住宿问题。
9、对所附的14幅关于校内建筑及人物的图画一一作了说明。
10、联系方式。
当时，美国的大学已经形成了编印散发以招生为目的的文字材料、介绍学校的专业设置、章程规则的做法，正是在这种情况下，傅兰雅编写了这本中文简介，使中国人可以方便地了解加州大学。此后，他还做了其他一些实际工作，如担任一批去加州大学留学的中国留学生的监护人和导师等，为推动中国学生留学加州大学做出了努力。
译文Translation
The First Chinese Language Introduction to University of California
John Fryer (1839-1928) wrote the first Chinese language Introduction to the University of California which was published by the Shanghai Polytechnic Hall in 1900. The text was made up of over 3000 characters and included 14 pictures.
Fryer lived in China for more than 30 years. During that time he worked as a translator at the Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal in Shanghai for 28 years, and in collaboration with Chinese scholars translated over 100 Western works into Chinese. Much of this was technology-related documentation and was translated for the purpose of spreading modern scientific and technological know-how to China. But it was Fryer’s belief that the learning process would only be complete once three steps had been gone through. Firstly, his lifetime’s work of translating English language works into Chinese he saw as only the first step. The second step was to have a large number of Chinese people go themselves to study in Europe and USA. Thirdly, once their studies were complete those individuals should return to China and their talents and skills should be fully utilized in a variety of Chinese schools and universities. This understanding led him to take up a professorship in Oriental languages and culture at the University of California, in order to encourage more Chinese to come to the USA to study at university.
Fryer’s suggestion that Chinese study abroad was very well suited what was the social and historical context of the day. In China, following the Opium War, new educational practices were emerging which were based on western models. After the Sino-US Treaty of 1868 was signed, the issue became even more relevant. In the USA it was already quite common for foreign students to study at American institutions, and before he left China the Presidents of both Stanford University and University of California asked him to recruit Chinese students.
Fryer’s translation was the first University of California publication in Chinese. In it, Fryer briefly describes the US education system, including an overview of schools (the various divisions at both primary and secondary level), and educational institutions (such as Universities), how they were set up and a description of their funding sources. He also gave an introduction to the three different kinds of degrees awarded by American universities, which he compared to the Chinese Xiucai, Juren, and Jinshi diplomas.
The small brochure included the following information on the University of California:
1) Its geographical location, the local climate, the time required to travel from China, as well as details and points of interest about the nearest city San Francisco.
2) Its reputation both in USA and in Europe.
3) Statistics on student and staff numbers, gender ratio etc.
4) Details on life as a foreign student.
5) Description of the 17 schools and faculties of the university and their reputations.
6) The administrative and management structure of the university senate.
7) Details of holiday time.
8) Details of student accommodation.
9) Commentary and description accompanying the 14 pictures of various school figures and buildings.
10) Contact details.
At that time, American universities had already begun to produce written marketing materials on their courses and school rules. It is in this context that John Fryer wrote this Chinese booklet in order to allow Chinese people to become better acquainted with the University of California. Subsequently he became engaged in a number of other pieces of practical work, such as being the guardian and mentor for a number of Chinese students studying at the University of California.