马 军 上海社会科学院
Ma, Jun, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences
原文Original
1949年前中国学术界译介“意大利旅行家马可波罗（Marco Polo）”文献目录初编[1]
近年来，国内学术界对海外中国学及其历史的研究，可谓方兴未艾，各类成果不断涌现。但须知，有关这一主题的工作，早在晚清、民国时期便已开始，且业绩不斐。对意大利的中国研究，国人亦十分关注，1949年前已译介刊发了大量论著，至今仍然有着重要的学术价值！对此，今人既不应漠然视之，也绝不可回避了事。
其一，译介工作提供了了解意大利早期中国学的一扇窗户。尽管当时对意大利中国学界重要人物、若干成果、系科建设、资料收藏等状况的翻译和介绍尚不够系统，但毕竟为学术界乃至一般国人贡献了一条可供管窥的捷径。不用说旧时中意信息交流尚欠发达，即使是今天，对许多国内学者来说，有关早期意大利中国学的材料仍不易找寻。比较之下，本国文字的期刊，哪怕是旧期刊，也是易于取得的，且在阅读上没有语言障碍。
其二，译介工作是中意两国学术界的一种交融，其本身也是值得探究的对象。意大利中国学是意大利学者对中国历史、文化问题的研究，属于意大利学术文化的组成部分。而中国学者对意大利中国学的译介，则又属于中国学术的范畴。它具有文化传播的交叉性质，是中国文化向西传播的一种回流。译介过程中的成绩和疏漏，以及若干规律性的东西，例如被译介者及其成果是否有代表性、译介水准、译介者状况、双方学者交往、发表刊物等等，都有待系统、深入的研究。
其三，译介工作为今天国内的意大利中国学研究提供了一面镜子。历史有着延续性，学术发展也有着继承性。近年来国内对海外中国学的研究，一个很大的缺陷就在于，许多人对1949年以前的译介成果盲然不知，蒙头而作，结果导致了许多重复劳动，而且这些重复劳动在很大程度上又往往今不如昔。前人的成果是后人的坐标，其经验、教训是后人的宝贵财富，对此应予足够的重视和借鉴。
其四,能够促进国内意大利中国学研究的均衡发展。意大利中国学历时数百年，其发展有着连续性和内在规律。然而当前国内学术界对它的研究，则主要集中在现当代，对早期则关注较少。就学术史的脉络而言，这种重今轻昔、畸形发展的现状应予改善。
马可·波罗是意大利乃至西方中国研究的开创性人物，有鉴于此，笔者编辑了《1949年前中国学术界译介“意大利旅行家马可波罗（Marco Polo）”文献目录初编》，希望能够为海外中国学研究、元史研究提供一份有益的指南。
事实上，上述目录是本人正在编纂的大型工具书《1949年前中国学术界译介“海外中国学”文献篇目汇编》的一小部分。该书预计收录篇目一万条，总字数在40万字。全书结构以国别为经，以发表时间为纬。具体涉及的国家有美国、英国、法国、俄国（苏联）、德国、瑞典、荷兰、意大利、波兰、澳大利亚、加拿大、比利时、西班牙、葡萄牙、日本、朝鲜、越南、印度等。每个国家均构成一个独立的单位，每单位内所收篇目，以发表先后为序，早至明末清初，晚至1949年。每一篇目收有篇名、责任者、期刊名（或出版社名称），卷期，版次，发表时间等。必要时，再加相关注释。最后还将附有一份人名索引。
此工作已经进行了4年，预计还需6年尚能全部完成。总之，反映中文世界有关“海外中国学”的专门目录书，迄今还尚未见到，尤其是反映1949年以前的情况更是历来受到忽视，一些篇目则分散在不同的目录索引书里。所以专门编纂此书，具有特别重要的学术意义，将为研究者提供极大的便利和新颖的研究视角。
注释：
[1]本文系复旦大学“985工程”国家哲学社会科学创新基地复旦大学文史研究院研究项目成果。
译文Translation
Pre-1949 Literature Catalogue: Translated and Analytical Works by Scholars in China on the Italian Traveler Marco Polo[1]
Recent years have seen a growing proliferation of research by scholars in China on overseas China studies and its history. What needs to be stressed is that work on this topic started in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republican era with research achievements proving to be quite spectacular. Great attention has also been devoted to Chinese Studies in Italy and by
Translated and analytical works open a window on early China Studies in Italy. For scholars in China, Italian documentation on China Studies are not easily accessible, while the materials in Chinese, regardless of how early they are dated, are much more easily accessible and constitute no language barrier.
Translating and introducing works are conducive to enhanced communication between Chinese and Italian academia. Chinese Studies in Italy provide the historical and cultural perspectives of Italian scholars, and the translation of Chinese scholars' works and analysis are another layer of cross-cultural communication.
A guideline will be provided for research on Chinese Studies in Italy undertaken by scholars in China. One shortcoming of previous academic efforts in this area lies in the lack of knowledge of the pre-1949 research which has resulted in the repetitive and unfruitful work. Both in terms of historical continuation and academic inheritance there is a call to pay attention to previous research. Furthermore, work in this area will help us to strike a balance between the earlier-stage China Studies in Italy and the modern- and- contemporary studies, an area which has hitherto received more academic efforts by scholars in China.
Marco Polo was a pioneering figure in the area of China Studies abroad. The present work, intended to provide a guideline for overseas China Studies, is only a section of the voluminous reference book entitled A Catalogue of the Works of China Studies Abroad. The giant book under compilation is supposed to list 10,000 items and have a total number of 400,000 Chinese characters. The whole volume will be arranged on a country by country basis and by date of publication, respectively. The countries which will be covered include the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia (the Soviet Union), Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and India. Each country stands as a separate unit in which all the entries are listed chronologically- from the end of Ming and the beginning of Qing Dynasty up to 1949. Each item contains information such as the title, author, periodical or publisher, volume, edition and the date of publication etc. In some cases additional notes are also included. At the end of the book there will be an index of people covered.
The entire project has been underway for four years and will be completed in a further six years. It is hoped that this undertaking will overcome the previous lack of any specialized catalogue for Chinese Studies abroad in the period before 1949 and will be consulted for the future relevant research.
Notes:
[1]This paper is based on the 985 Project of the Literature and History Research Institute, the National Philosophy and Social Sciences Innovation Base of Fudan University.