吴泽霖 北京师范大学
Wu, Zelin, Beijing Normal University
原文Original
中国文化视野和托尔斯泰经典的重读
托尔斯泰对中国文化思想的接收和共识深深影响并融汇到他的文学创作中。因而，对托尔斯泰接受中国文化思想的研究不应该局限于他对老子、孔子、孟子和墨子等的译介和评说。用中国文化视野重新解读托尔斯泰经典著作对于探讨汉学思想的世界性影响有着十分重要的意义。本文试着从中国文化的立场，阐释托尔斯泰的三部最主要的文学著作《战争与和平》、《安娜·卡列尼娜》和《复活》，提出和传统解读不同的新的看法，从中彰显中国文化思想的普世性价值。具体而言，从托尔斯泰东方走向的精神探索出发，以托尔斯泰推出的类似中国人称为“天道”的东西为基础，就会对《战争与和平》的写作动因、主题、人物获得新的理解；在小说《安娜·卡列尼娜》中，天人之间的局面更加紧张了。人生面临着选择：或是违反天道，过“都市生活”，或是过托尔斯泰主张的中国人的“和平的、农耕的生活”。通过选择后者，就可以完成将上帝引入人的心灵的过程；在以基督教关键词“复活”命名的小说中，缺乏的恰恰是基督教文化的情节内涵，而却体现出中国人非常能够理解的良心发现和弃恶从善。
译文Translation
A Reinterpretation of Tolstoy’s Classics from a Chinese Cultural Perspective
Tolstoy’s acceptance and understanding of Chinese cultural thought have both deeply influenced and been incorporated into his literary works. As such any study concerning Tolstoy’s acceptance of Chinese cultural thought should not be limited to his translation, introduction and commentaries on the teachings of ancient Chinese philosophers such as Laozi, Confucius, Mencius and Mozi. A reinterpretation of Tolstoy’s classics from a Chinese cultural perspective has great potential significance on the worldwide influence of Sinology. This paper intends to explain Tolstoy’s three most influential literary works—War and Peace, Anna Karenina and Resurrection through the prism of Chinese culture, proposing a brand new theory, differing from the traditional interpretations of his works, one which embodies the universal values of Chinese cultural thought. In a more detailed sense, emerging as a result of Tolstoy’s spiritual quest for the East, and based on his promotion of something similar to what the Chinese would call “Heaven’s Way” or “God’s Will”, we can develop new insight into his motivation to write, the themes and the characters portrayed in War and Peace. In his novel Anna Karenina, the relationship between “Heaven” and “man” becomes even more intense. Life faces a choice: to live a “city life” in violation of the so-called “Heavenly Way”, or to live what Tolstoy called a “peaceful farming life” in accordance to the old Chinese way. By selecting the latter the process of bringing God into one’s soul is completed. In the novel which takes its name from the key Christian word “resurrection”, the lack of any Christian culture is the precise significance of the narrative, but it also reflects the fact that the Chinese are able to follow their conscience, turning from evil to do what is right and good.